Refractories in the ancient, medieval, and Renaissance eras, refractories for blast furnaces, coke ovens, and hot blast stoves before and after the Industrial Revolution, new refractories and their manufacturing processes in the late modern period, modern refractory manufacturing technology and major technological advances, and future refractory materials Prospects for development, refractory materials and high-temperature technology appeared together, roughly originating in the middle of the Umri wa Bronze . Wakati wa nasaba ya Han ya Mashariki ya Uchina, vifaa vya kinzani vya udongo vilitumika kama vifaa vya joko na sagger za kuchoma porcelain .}
At the beginning of the 20th century, refractory materials developed in the direction of high-purity, high-density and ultra-high temperature products. At the same time, amorphous refractory materials and refractory fibers that do not require firing and have low energy consumption appeared. In modern times, with the development of atomic energy technology, space technology, and new energy technology, refractory materials with comprehensive Na mali bora kama vile upinzani wa joto la juu, upinzani wa kutu, upinzani wa vibration ya mafuta, na mmomonyoko wa kinzani umetumika . Kuna viwanda vingi nchini China vinazalisha bidhaa za kinzani . China ina rasilimali nyingi, na kwa sababu hii, wawekezaji wakuu wa kigeni pia wamekuja China ili kuonyesha talanta zao
Kaskazini mashariki mwa Uchina ni eneo lenye mafanikio sana kwa wauzaji wa kinzani, na kusababisha wawekezaji wengine wa kigeni kuhoji bei zao za chini . Kama matokeo, mnamo 2003, Jumuiya ya Ulaya ilipendekeza kupambana na utupaji dhidi ya bidhaa mpya za kinzani kutoka China na kuzuia bidhaa . kwa Uuzaji wa Massive kwa Umoja wa Massive, ili kutekeleza kwa upotezaji wa vifaa vya umoja wa Ulaya kwa upotezaji wa vifaa vya umoja wa Ulaya kwa upotezaji wa vifaa vya umoja wa Massi. Viwanda vingine, na hivyo kuzuia sana usafirishaji wa bidhaa . lakini hii haipunguzi mauzo ya chapa zingine za kigeni kwa kiwango kikubwa, kwa sababu zina kadhaa au hata mamia ya miaka ya mauzo na uzoefu wa uzalishaji, na wamechukua soko na wameunda athari zao kwenye mabara yote .
